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ICARUS Initiative
The ICARUS Initiative, short for International Cooperation for Animal Research Using Space, is an international effort to track the migratory patterns of small flying animals using satellite imagery. The project began in 2002 and is expected to be incorporated into the International Space Station (ISS) by the end of 2015. The director for the ICARUS project is Martin Wikelski, director of the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology in Germany.
==Technology==
Since the late 1980s, animal tracking via satellite has been accomplished through the use of the Argos system, but is limited to larger animals. One major hurdle to tracking the movements of birds and especially insects is creating a transmitter small enough to place on individual animals. The ICARUS project currently implements 5 g radio transmitters that include a GPS receiver, but has plans to use devices weighing less than 1 g in the future. Wikelski believes that within about five years there will be transmitters light enough to attach to a roughly 120 mg honeybee. Since the ISS is only 320 km from the Earth's surface instead of 850 km like the Argos satellites, the ICARUS trackers do not have to create as strong of a radio signal and can therefore be smaller. The transmitters tags are solar-powered and only activate when a satellite passes over them. About 5,000 to 10,000 tags are expected to be in use at the time of the 2015 launch.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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